1421 Evidence

1 Synopsis of Evidence Exclusive

2 Research Methods and Equipment Deployed

3 Vetting 1421 for accuracy by Chinese Institutions

4 Summary of Interesting Information received recently via www.gavinmenzies.net

1 Evidence provided at the Royal Geographical Society on March 15th, 2002

2 The whole world was charted by 1423 – before the European voyages of discovery started

3 The Europeans set sail with accurate maps that showed their destinations

1 The Discovery of the Master Charts of the World

2 The Eastern Hemisphere – Albertin de Virga’s Map

3 Provenance of Albertin de Virga’s Map

4 The Importance of the Map

5 How the Map was drawn – the ingredients

6 Zheng He’s 1408 Master Chart of the World (refer to part II)

7 Consequences of Albertin de Virga’s Map

8 The Western Hemisphere – The Waldseemueller Map (Published 1507)

9 Importance of the Waldseemueller Map

10 The Martellus forgeries

11 Waldseemueller Projection

12 Appendix I – The Waldseemueller Chart Coordinates used by GM

13 The Waldseemueller and The Cantino (1502)

14 Appendix II – Names on The Cantino and Waldseemueller charts.

15 The World shown on the Waldseemueller ( Western Hemisphere) and the Albertin di Virga (Eastern Hemisphere) – combined

1 Zheng He’s integrated map of the world, 1418 – PRESS RELEASE

2 Liu Gang’s paper – Chinese bi-hemispherical world maps

3 Liu Gang – Map talks without sound – a refutation of the criticisms of his map

4 1418 map AMS dating certificate

5 English Translation of Annotations Depicted on 1418 Map

6 1418 map – Background briefing

7 Dr. Gunnar Thompson’s technical review of the 1418 map

8 Index of maps relating to Gavin Menzies presentation in Beijing, March 22nd 2006

9 1418 map – Gavin Menzies’ presentation to Beijing Press Conference, March 23rd, 2006

10 Records of Zheng He and Kublai Khan

11 Liu Gang’s original article on the 1418 map, 17th January 2006

12 Dr. Gunnar Thompson’s opinion of the 1418 map

14 Anatole Andro’s opinion of the 1418 map

15 Professor Robert Cribbs’ opinion of the 1418 map

16 G. A. Bottomley’s opinion concerning the determination of longitude by eclipses

17 Yu Di Tu – Heaven and Earth – a Ming dynasty book

18 Albertin di Virga’s map and Zheng He’s 1418 map

19 Waldseemueller’s maps and Zheng He’s 1418 map

20 Cantino Map of 1502 and Zheng He’s 1418 map

21 The 1418 map in relation to California

22 Preface from Matteo Ricci’s world map for passage to North Sea

23 Pre-European Cartography of the NE and NW passages by Robin Lind

24 A summary Tai Peng Wang’s research on Liu Gang’s map

25 A summary of Lam Yee Din’s research on Liu Gang’s map

26 Chinese Knowledge of the Spherical Earth Centered on the Sun by Gunnar Thompson, Ph.D.

27 The 1418 map – Zheng He’s fleets visits to Peru

28 Determining Longitude by the Equation of Time of the Moon (Professor Robert Cribbs)

29 Zheng He’s method of calculating latitude and longitude

30 Extracts from early Chinese records concerning the deveolpment and use of the magnetic compass

1 At the time only the Chinese had the capacity and knowledge to explore and chart the world

2 Chinese knowledge of the world in 1421

3 Chinese claims as to where Zheng He’s fleets sailed

4 Key to the Discoveries – The determination of Latitude and Longitude

5 Determination of Longitude

6 Observation platforms used by the Chinese in 1421-2

7 Areas of the World surveyed

8 The Chinese Fleet

1 Introduction

2 Chinese maps, star charts and records which escaped destruction

3 Chinese or Asiatic People found by the First European Explorers

4 Local peoples descriptions of Chinese or Asiatic peoples who settled amongst them before Europeans arrived and descriptions of their ancestry

5 Linguistics and Languages common to the New World and China

6 Accounts of contemporary historians that describe Chinese in the New World

7 Shipwrecks with ”Chinese” characteristics found in the wake of the Chinese Fleet

8 Chinese Porcelain/Ceramics found in the wake of Zheng He’s Fleet

9 Pre-Columbian Chinese Jade found in the wake of the Treasure Fleet

10 Artefacts, gems, votive offerings, coins and funerary urns found in wake of Chinese Fleet

11 Stone buildings or stone artefacts found in the wake of the Chinese fleet

12 Mining Operations found by Europeans when they reached the New World

13 Advanced Technologies found by first Europeans on their arrival in the New World

14 Men and animals indigenous to one continent found in another by the first Europeans

15 Plants indigenous to one continent found on another.

16 Art exported around the world by Zheng He’s fleet / Pictures of Chinese people / junks found in other lands

17 Folklore & Legends / Customs and Games ’exported’ from China to the New World

18 Metal artefacts – armour, weapons and implements found in wake of Treasure Fleet

19 Plant and Animal Breeding (Darwin)

20 Pets left behind by the Treasure Fleet

21 The Mega Tsunami of 1422 – possible scenario

22 The Destruction of Zhou Man and Hong Bao’s fleets in the Southern Ocean by a Tsunami triggered by a comet

23 1424 Chart – Dictionaries used for translation purposes

24 Pre-Columbian charts showing Antilia, Satanazes, Saya and Ymana 1

25 Pre-Columbian charts showing Antilia, Satanazes, Saya and Ymana 2

26 Pre-Columbian charts showing Antilia, Satanazes, Saya and Ymana 3

27 1424 Chart – Groupings of words

28 Selected Bibliography

1 Papers referred to in Genetics study

1 The Trading System created by the Chinese which was taken over by the Europeans

1 Annex 1 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to Calicut

2 Annex 2 – Evidence of the Chinese Fleets visiting the Indian Ocean

3 Annex 3 – Evidence on Chinese Fleets visit to Europe through Mediterranean

4 Annex 4 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to Africa – East Coast

5 Annex 5 – Evidence of Chinese fleets visiting Africa – West Coast including South Africa

6 Annex 6 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to Atlantic and Cape Verde Islands

7 Annex 7 – Evidence of the Chinese visiting Brazil

8 Annex 8 – Evidence of the Voyages of Chinese Fleets visiting Paraguay, Argentina and the Falklands

9 Annex 9 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to Antarctic

10 Annex 10 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to Australia – West Coast

11 Annex 11 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to Chile, Patagonia and the Straits of Magellan

12 Annex 12 – Evidence of the Voyages of Zheng He’s Fleets to Peru and Bolivia

13 Annex 13 – Evidence of Chinese fleets visiting Ecuador

14 Annex 14 – Evidence of the Chinese Fleets visiting the Isthmus of Darien First

15 Annex 15 – Evidence of the first Panama Canal

16 Annex 16 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit Trans-Pacific to Australia

17 Annex 17 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to Australia – East Coast and Northern Territories Coastline

18 Annex 18 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to New Zealand

19 Annex 19 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to Spice Islands/ Philippines/ Indonesia

20 Annex 20 – Evidence for the Chinese visit to the Trans-Pacific to America

21 Annex 21 – Evidence for the Japanese Ships which accompanied Zheng He’s Fleets

22 Annex 22 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visiting British Colombia, Washington State and Oregon

23 Annex 23 – Evidence of the Chinese Fleets visiting California

24 Annex 24 – Evidence of the Chinese Fleets visiting Tiguex – Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico

25 Annex 25 – Evidence of the Chinese Fleets visiting Mexico

26 Annex 26 – Evidence of the Chinese Fleets visiting Guatemala, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Panama and Belize

27 Annex 27 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to across the Caribbean to Florida

28 Annex 28 – Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to Carolinas/ Virginia/ Mississippi/ Illinois/ North Dakota/ Wisconsin and Maine

29 Annex 28b – Evidence of Chinese fleets visit to the Great Lakes, Canada

30 Annex 29 – Chinese Settlements in New England: Boston & Rhode Island

31 Annexes 30, 31, 32 – Evidence of Chinese fleets to Northern Europe – Vice Admiral Chou Wen